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Digital Health Localization in Pashto, Dari and 22 More Afghan Languages: Patient Portal, Health App and Telehealth Platform Translation

Ariana Nexus translates and localizes patient portals, health apps, telehealth platforms, text-message reminders and AI health assistants into Pashto, Dari and 22 more Afghan languages. Every release is built right to left, reviewed by qualified human translators, voiced for patients who prefer to listen, and tested with Afghan patients before it goes live.

For digital, patient access, language services and compliance teams at health systems, community health centers, health plans and digital health companies serving Afghan patients and the Afghan diaspora.

portal / appointments / strings.xliffSample review, constructed for illustration
KeyEnglishPashtoDari
portal.sign_in
EnglishSign in
Pashtoننوتل
Dariورود
results.ready
EnglishYour test results are ready.
Pashtoستاسو د معاینې پایلې چمتو دي.
Dariنتایج معاینات شما آماده است.
visit.join
EnglishJoin video visit
Pashtoویډیويي لیدنې ته ننوځئ
Dariبه ملاقات ویدیویی داخل شوید
appointment.reminder, correction by the Dari reviewer
نوبت دکتر شما فردا ساعت ۱۰ صبح است.Iranian Persian
نوبت داکتر شما فردا ساعت ۱۰ صبح است.Afghanistan Dari
  • Right-to-left layout
  • Pashto letters render
  • Language tags present
  • Clinical reviewer approved
  • Iranian Persian term corrected

What is digital health localization?

Digital health localization adapts everything a patient meets on a screen or a phone: the words, the direction of the script, fonts, dates, numbers, voice and cultural meaning. Done well, an Afghan patient can sign in, book, read a result, answer a reminder and join a video visit in Pashto, Dari or another Afghan language. Translation changes the words. Localization makes the product work in the language.

Key facts

Languages
Pashto, Dari and 22 more Afghan languages, 24 in all
What we localize
Patient portals and websites, iOS and Android apps, telehealth platforms, text messages, email, phone menus, chatbots and AI assistants, patient education video
Language standard
Afghanistan Dari, never Iranian Persian; standard written Pashto; audio in the variety your patients speak
Human review
No machine-translated string reaches a patient without a qualified human translator
Accessibility
Right-to-left layouts, Pashto letter coverage and language tags for screen readers, built to WCAG 2.1 AA
Patient data
Business associate agreement signed before any patient data is shared
File formats
XLIFF, JSON, Android XML, iOS string catalogs, PO files and spreadsheets
Who delivers
Our own translators, engineers, voices and testers, never an outside agency
Office
Washington, D.C.

What we translate and localize into Pashto, Dari and 22 more Afghan languages

Every screen, message and recording an Afghan patient meets between finding care and paying the bill.

Patient portal translation

Sign-in and proxy access, messages, test results, appointments, bills and forms, exported from your EHR or portal vendor and returned ready to import.

Health app localization for iOS and Android

Interface strings, onboarding, push notifications, error messages and app store listings, with layouts mirrored for right-to-left reading.

Telehealth platform translation

Waiting rooms, camera and connection checks, consent screens, visit instructions and the button that requests a live interpreter.

Text messages, email and phone menus

Appointment reminders, preparation steps, refill alerts and IVR prompts, rewritten to fit Unicode message limits and recorded for the phone.

Chatbots and AI health assistants

Intents, answers, safety responses and hand-off phrases in Pashto and Dari, with testing of what the assistant says back to patients.

Patient education video and audio

Voice-over and subtitles in the variety your patients speak, with voices matched to the audience by gender and dialect.

What changes when the language is Pashto or Dari

Right-to-left languages break software in predictable places. These are the checks a general translation vendor usually misses.

Right-to-left layout

Screens mirror, direction icons flip, and English drug names, doses and phone numbers stay in the right order inside a Pashto or Dari sentence.

Letters many fonts leave out

Pashto uses letters that many Persian fonts lack, such as ټ ډ ړ ږ ښ ځ څ ڼ. We test fonts on real devices so no empty boxes reach a patient.

Dari is not Iranian Persian

The script is shared; the vocabulary is not. An Afghan patient reads شفاخانه for hospital and داکتر for doctor, not بیمارستان and دکتر.

Afghan calendar months

Afghanistan names its solar months differently from Iran. The first month is حمل in Dari and وری in Pashto, not فروردین. We fix one date format per product so an appointment date is never misread.

Digits and doses

Pashto and Dari can use Eastern Arabic-Indic digits (۱۲۳) or Western digits (123). We set one digit rule per product so a dose is never ambiguous.

Seventy characters, not 160

A Pashto or Dari text message holds 70 characters before it splits. We rewrite reminders to fit rather than letting them cut off mid-sentence.

Names and birth dates

Many Afghan patients use a single name or know only their birth year. Forms that demand a surname or an exact date need a localized rule, not a workaround at the front desk.

Shared phones, private health

Many Afghan families share one phone. We write notification previews so a lock screen never reveals a diagnosis, a pregnancy or a mental health visit.

Why Afghan patients stop at the sign-in screen

Most U.S. patient portals and health apps work in English, and many add Spanish. An Afghan patient who reads Pashto or Dari meets an English sign-in page, a reminder that arrives as broken characters, or a Dari screen written in Iranian Persian. Few complain. They stop signing in, miss the video visit and call the clinic instead, if they call at all.

4.7%
of U.S. hospitals studied offered patient portal sign-in in their county's most common language after English and Spanish. 29.4% offered English only.
Chen et al., JAMA Network Open, 2025
70
characters fit in one text message written in Pashto or Dari, against 160 in English, because Arabic-script messages are sent in Unicode.
3GPP TS 23.038 and TS 23.040, the SMS standards
May 11, 2027
Section 504 deadline for HHS-funded providers with 15 or more employees to bring web content and mobile apps, including those supplied by vendors, to WCAG 2.1 AA.
45 CFR 84.84, as extended by HHS in May 2026
Share of hospitals, by portal sign-in languages. Chen et al., JAMA Network Open, 2025.

How we localize a digital health product

  1. Step 1 of 6

    Inventory and standard

    We list every screen, message and recording, mark what is critical to care, and set the language standard: varieties, digits, dates and a locked Pashto and Dari termbase.
  2. Step 2 of 6

    Translate and adapt

    Qualified human translators with health training write the Pashto and Dari. Machine translation is used only as a draft and never ships without full human review.
  3. Step 3 of 6

    Engineer right to left

    We mirror layouts, check fonts and letters, fit messages to Unicode limits, add language tags for screen readers and check every string in a real screenshot.
  4. Step 4 of 6

    Voice and video

    Audio is recorded in the spoken variety with voices matched to the audience. Video carries subtitles in written Pashto and Dari.
  5. Step 5 of 6

    Test with Afghan patients

    Afghan community members, matched by dialect and gender, use the product. We fix what they misread and test again.
  6. Step 6 of 6

    Release and maintain

    Each portal or app release is localized on the same schedule as the English one, with a change log and an accessibility re-check.

Three layers, one accountable team

Human Intelligence Collective

Translators, reviewers, voices and patient testers, matched by language, dialect, gender and training.

AI Data Factory

Evaluation of machine translation and AI assistant output in Pashto and Dari, always under human review.

Cultural Compliance Bureau

Sign-off on terminology, cultural meaning and the compliance record before anything is released.

Matched by gender, dialect and clinical training, not only by language

Gender

Women's health content is translated, voiced and tested by women, and men's health content by men where your patients expect it. In live telehealth visits, patients can ask for a female or male interpreter.

Dialect

Written text follows standard Pashto and Afghanistan Dari. Audio is recorded in the variety your patients speak, such as central or Kandahari Pashto, or Kabuli, Herati or Hazaragi Dari, and tested with speakers from those regions.

Clinical training

Clinical strings are reviewed by linguists with degrees in health and life sciences, so a lab result, a medication instruction or a consent screen reads the way a clinician meant it.
Overlapping brass panels lit from within, photographed close.
An Afghan community member testing a Pashto health app with a reviewer

Why Ariana Nexus for Pashto and Dari digital health

A Pashto or Dari screen is only as good as the people who read it the way a patient will. Ours come from the Afghan community and trained in public health, psychology, engineering and computer science.

No U.S. certification tests translation into Pashto or Dari, so we set the standard

The American Translators Association, which runs the main U.S. translator certification, offers no exam for translation from English into Pashto or Dari, and neither national medical interpreter certification body tests Pashto or Dari. So we built our own standard, apply it to every translator, reviewer and tester on your product, and train Afghan diaspora interpreters and students beyond our own team.

Our standard: a degree held, assessment in the exact variety, medical training, professional ethics, annual HIPAA training, supervised entry and periodic review.

From the community we serve

Our team comes from the Afghan community and reads Pashto and Dari the way your patients do.

Trained in health, not only in language

Alumni and scholars of leading universities, including Cornell, the University of Chicago and the University of British Columbia. Not bilingual staff filling a queue.

Afghanistan Dari, never Iranian Persian

We never deliver Iranian Persian as Dari, and we flag it when we find it in a product you already run.

Human review is the rule

No machine-translated string reaches a patient without review by a qualified human translator.

One accountable team

Every string, recording and test comes from our own people, with one point of accountability.

Accessible in every language

We build and test Pashto and Dari screens to WCAG 2.1 AA, the same standard your English screens must meet.

The team behind Ariana Nexus digital health localization

Practitioners from the Afghan community with degrees in public health, psychology, engineering and computer science.

Portrait of Hassan Ukasha
Executive oversight

Hassan Ukasha

Managing Partner
, Ariana Nexus
Oversees the firm's operations and this program, with executive accountability for patient data protection, release quality and client outcomes on every localization engagement.
Grew up in Herat
B.S.
Cornell University
M.P.H.
Cornell University
Portrait of Tamana Ghaznawi

Tamana Ghaznawi

Senior Partner
,
Clinical content and governance
B.S.
Cornell University
M.P.H.
Cornell University
Leads the firm's healthcare practice and the clinical review of every Pashto and Dari release.
Lived in Kabul
Portrait of Zeba Haqbani

Zeba Haqbani

Senior Partner
,
Localization engineering and AI platforms
B.Sc.
University of British Columbia
Builds and runs the systems, technology and AI platforms behind the firm's localization work.
Lived in Kabul
Portrait of Diana Ayubi

Diana Ayubi

Engagement Manager
,
Patient testing and behavioral health content
B.A.
Cornell University
Psy.D.
West Chester University
Designs mental health programs and leads patient testing for behavioral health content.
Lived in Kabul
Portrait of Hussain Ahmad

Hussain Ahmad

Analyst
,
Machine translation and AI evaluation
MEng
Cornell University
PhD
University of Chicago
Evaluates machine translation and AI assistant output in Afghan languages before release.

Health-trained reviewers

A reviewer with health or life sciences training reads every clinical string before release.

The same team, start to finish

The people who scope your product are the people who ship it.

Testers who match your patients

Afghan community testers are matched to your patients by dialect and gender.

Pashto, Dari and 22 more Afghan languages

Written localization in Pashto, Dari and the Afghan languages with an established written form. Audio and video localization in all 24, including languages spoken far more often than they are written.

LanguageName in scriptFamilyISO 639-3
LanguagePashtoName in scriptپښتوFamilyIranianISO 639-3pus
LanguageDariName in scriptدریFamilyIranianISO 639-3prs
LanguageHazaragi (variety of Dari)Name in scriptهزارگیFamilyIranianISO 639-3haz
LanguageAimaqName in scriptایماقFamilyIranianISO 639-3aiq
LanguageBalochiName in scriptبلوچیFamilyIranianISO 639-3bal
LanguageOrmuriName in scriptاورمړيFamilyIranianISO 639-3oru
LanguageParachiName in scriptپراچیFamilyIranianISO 639-3prc
LanguageWakhiName in scriptوخیFamilyIranianISO 639-3wbl
LanguageShughniName in scriptشغنیFamilyIranianISO 639-3sgh
LanguageSanglechiName in scriptسنگلیچیFamilyIranianISO 639-3sgy
LanguageIshkashimiName in scriptاشکاشمیFamilyIranianISO 639-3isk
LanguageMunjiName in scriptمنجیFamilyIranianISO 639-3mnj
LanguageYidghaName in scriptیدغهFamilyIranianISO 639-3ydg
LanguageUzbekiName in scriptاوزبیکیFamilyTurkicISO 639-3uzs
LanguageTurkmeniName in scriptترکمنیFamilyTurkicISO 639-3tuk
LanguageKyrgyzName in scriptقرغیزیFamilyTurkicISO 639-3kir
LanguagePashayiName in scriptپشه‌ییFamilyIndo-AryanISO 639-3aee
LanguageGawarbatiName in scriptگواربتیFamilyIndo-AryanISO 639-3gwt
LanguageTirahiName in scriptتیراهیFamilyIndo-AryanISO 639-3tra
LanguageNuristani (Ashkun group)Name in scriptاشکونFamilyNuristaniISO 639-3ask
LanguageKatiName in scriptکتیFamilyNuristaniISO 639-3bsh
LanguagePrasunName in scriptپارونFamilyNuristaniISO 639-3prn
LanguageWaigaliName in scriptوایگلیFamilyNuristaniISO 639-3wbk
LanguageBrahuiName in scriptبراهویFamilyDravidianISO 639-3brh

Hazaragi is a variety of Dari that we staff separately. Script names follow common Perso-Arabic spellings; several of these languages have no standardized spelling. Pashayi is shown with its northeastern code; it has four.

The rules your digital team answers to

RuleCitationWhat it requiresWhat we do
RuleSection 504, web content and mobile appsCitation45 CFR 84.84What it requiresHHS-funded providers must bring web content and mobile apps, including vendor-supplied ones, to WCAG 2.1 AA: by May 11, 2027 with 15 or more employees, and by May 10, 2028 with fewer.What we doWe build and test Pashto and Dari screens to WCAG 2.1 AA alongside English.
RuleADA Title II, web content and mobile appsCitation28 CFR 35.200What it requiresState and local government providers, including public hospitals and health departments, must meet WCAG 2.1 AA by April 26, 2027 or April 26, 2028, depending on population served.What we doThe same WCAG 2.1 AA build and test, in every language we deliver.
RuleWCAG 2.1, language of page and of partsCitationSuccess criteria 3.1.1 and 3.1.2What it requiresThe language of each page, and of each passage in another language, must be identified in code.What we doEvery Pashto and Dari passage carries its language tag, so screen readers switch voice.

A summary, not legal advice. Deadlines reflect the interim final rules HHS and the Department of Justice published in 2026. Machine translation rules under Section 1557 are covered on our AI and machine translation quality review page.

Questions health systems ask about Pashto and Dari digital health

Can you translate our patient portal into Pashto and Dari?

Yes. Whether your portal comes from your EHR vendor or was built in-house, we work from the text and content files it exports, such as XLIFF, JSON or spreadsheets, and return them translated, reviewed and ready to import. We then check the imported screens in both languages before patients see them.

Is Dari the same as Farsi for app and website translation?

No. Dari and Iranian Persian share a script and much of their grammar, but not their everyday health vocabulary, spelling habits or calendar month names. Afghan patients should see Afghanistan Dari. We never deliver Iranian Persian as Dari, and we flag it when we find it in an existing product.

Can we use machine translation or AI for Pashto and Dari?

As a draft, yes. Section 1557 requires a qualified human translator to review machine translation of critical, accuracy-essential or technical content, and most patient-facing health content meets that test. We review every machine-translated string before release. For review of AI output at scale, see our AI and machine translation quality review service.

Why are our Pashto and Dari text messages cut off or split?

Messages in Arabic script are sent in Unicode, which fits 70 characters in a single message instead of 160. A translated reminder often runs over and splits or truncates. We rewrite reminders to fit and test them on real phones.

How do you handle right-to-left layouts in apps and portals?

We mirror the layout, set text direction for each element, keep numbers, doses and English terms in the right order, confirm the font carries every Pashto letter, and test on iOS, Android and the main browsers before release.

Do Afghan patients need audio or video instead of text?

Many do. For patients who read little, often older adults and women who had few chances to attend school, audio and video reach further than text. We record in the variety your patients speak, with voices matched to the audience, and add subtitles in written Pashto and Dari.

Do you match translators, voices and testers by gender and dialect?

Yes. Women's health content is translated, voiced and tested by women where patients expect it, and audio is recorded in the patient's own variety, such as central or Kandahari Pashto, or Kabuli, Herati or Hazaragi Dari.

Can you localize mental health apps and teletherapy content for Afghan patients?

Yes, with extra care. Many Afghan patients lived through the Afghan war, displacement and loss. Terms such as moral injury, sometimes searched as Afghan moral trauma, have no one-word equivalent in Pashto or Dari, so we adapt the meaning, test it with community members and write crisis wording with your clinical team. For live sessions, see our trauma-informed interpreting service.

How do you protect patient data during localization?

Most interface strings contain no patient data. When a project involves protected health information, we sign a business associate agreement before anything is shared, and the work stays with our own team.

Do translated screens have to meet accessibility rules too?

Yes. Section 504 and ADA Title II require WCAG 2.1 AA for covered web content and mobile apps, and the standard does not stop at English. For Pashto and Dari, that includes marking the language of each passage so screen readers read it correctly.

Do you also provide live Pashto and Dari interpreters for telehealth visits?

Yes, as a separate service: see telehealth and video remote interpreting in Pashto, Dari and 22 more Afghan languages.

Is there a Pashto or Dari translator certification in the United States?

No. The American Translators Association, which runs the main U.S. translator certification, offers no exam for translation from English into Pashto or Dari, and neither national medical interpreter certification body tests Pashto or Dari. Ariana Nexus sets its own standard instead: a degree held, assessment in the exact variety, medical training, professional ethics, annual HIPAA training, supervised entry and periodic review. We also train Afghan diaspora interpreters and students beyond our own team.

How do we start?

Start through the Initiate page. We begin with an inventory of your portal, app, messages and recordings, and a written review of where Afghan patients lose access today.

In Pashto and Dari

Pashto

روغتیايي اپلیکېشنونه او ویب پاڼې په پښتو

روغتونونه او کلینیکونه کولای شي خپل اپلیکېشن، ویب پاڼه او پیغامونه په پښتو برابر کړي. که تاسو ناروغ یاست، له خپل کلینیک څخه وغواړئ چې معلومات په پښتو درکړي.

Hospitals and clinics can offer their app, website and messages in Pashto. If you are a patient, ask your clinic for information in Pashto.
Dari

اپلیکیشن و ویب‌سایت صحی به زبان دری

شفاخانه‌ها و کلینیک‌ها می‌توانند اپلیکیشن، ویب‌سایت و پیام‌های خود را به زبان دری آماده کنند. اگر مریض هستید، از کلینیک خود بخواهید که معلومات را به زبان دری برایتان بدهد.

Hospitals and clinics can offer their app, website and messages in Dari. If you are a patient, ask your clinic for information in Dari.

If you are a patient: many U.S. hospitals and clinics must offer language help at no cost. Ask your clinic for Pashto or Dari.

Put your patient portal, app and telehealth platform in Pashto and Dari

Conversations are covered by a mutual NDA. A business associate agreement is signed before any patient data is shared.

Request a digital localization review