
Pashto and Dari Medical Interpreter Assessment and Training for Bilingual Staff and Contractors
Ariana Nexus tests whether your bilingual employees and contract interpreters can interpret accurately in Pashto and Dari, then trains them until they can. You receive a scored record for every person, a roster by language, dialect and gender, and the evidence you need before naming anyone as qualified under Section 1557.
Reviewed by Tamana Ghaznawi, M.P.H., Senior Partner
Key facts
- Service
- Medical interpreter qualification assessment and training
- Languages
- Pashto and Dari, each tested in the dialect the candidate speaks
- For
- Bilingual clinical and front-line staff, contract and agency interpreters, and former military and field interpreters
- Assessment
- English and Pashto or Dari proficiency, medical terminology, consecutive interpreting, sight translation, ethics
- Training
- 40-hour core program, specialty modules, and supervised practice toward 100 hours
- Delivery
- Live online or on site, in cohorts of up to 12
- You receive
- Score records, a qualification recommendation, and a roster by language, dialect, gender and specialty
Why speaking Pashto or Dari is not the same as being qualified to interpret
Many health systems that care for Afghan refugees and evacuees ask employees who speak Pashto or Dari to step in when an Afghan patient needs an interpreter. Speaking a language at home is a different skill from interpreting a diagnosis, a consent form or a medication change without adding, dropping or softening a word.
Federal rules draw the same line. A covered health program may not rely on staff to communicate with patients who have limited English proficiency unless those staff are qualified interpreters or qualified bilingual staff. (45 CFR 92.201(e)(4))
Afghan patients add layers a generic course misses. Dari is not Iranian Persian, Pashto changes from Kandahar to Nangarhar, and many patients will not discuss women’s health, mental health or war-related trauma through an interpreter they do not trust.
Is there a national certification for Pashto and Dari medical interpreters?
Not one that tests Pashto or Dari. The two U.S. certifying bodies, CCHI and NBCMI, give bilingual oral exams only in Spanish, Arabic, Mandarin, Cantonese, Russian, Korean and Vietnamese. Pashto and Dari interpreters can earn CCHI’s CoreCHI-P™ or NBCMI’s Hub-CMI, but neither exam hears them interpret in Pashto or Dari.
That is the gap this assessment closes: both languages are tested directly, in the dialect your patients speak, before anyone interprets.
CCHI stops awarding its knowledge-only CoreCHI™ certification after December 31, 2026. Interpreters of Pashto and Dari who want a national credential should plan for CoreCHI-P™.
What the assessment and training include

Qualification assessment
Medical interpreter training
Records and program upkeep
Medical interpreter skill levels, from bilingual to specialty-ready
Six competencies on a five-level scale. The markers show where a typical bilingual employee starts, and the targets after the 40-hour core program and after 100 hours.
- Level 1: Bilingual. Speaks both languages socially; no interpreting training.
- Level 2: Emerging. Handles short, predictable exchanges with support.
- Level 3: Qualified. Interprets routine encounters accurately and completely.
- Level 4: Proficient. Handles complex and sensitive encounters without loss of meaning.
- Level 5: Specialty-ready. Sustains accuracy in a specialty such as oncology or behavioral health.
Illustrative program targets, not measured results.
What we test and how we score it
Five scored components, about two hours and fifteen minutes per candidate. Written items run online; oral and performance tasks run live, by video or in person.
Who scores the assessment
Two raters score every performance task independently. Both speak the candidate’s variety of Pashto or Dari and work from the same rubric, and a third reviewer settles any disagreement. Raters calibrate on shared recordings before each cohort.
A result of qualified to interpret requires every component at or above the standard and no uncorrected error that could change a clinical decision.
Three possible results, each with a next step
Qualified to interpret
Qualified for direct care in Pashto or Dari
Not yet qualified
Your organization makes the designation. We give you the evidence, formatted for your Section 1557 language access records.
The 40-hour core program
Forty hours is the minimum CCHI and NBCMI require before an interpreter can sit their exams. We treat it as the start: specialty modules and supervised practice carry each interpreter past 100 hours in the first year, the threshold at which one emergency department study found errors with clinical consequences fell from 12% to 2%.
- 6hours
Role, ethics and standards of practice
NCIHC Code of Ethics, confidentiality, HIPAA basics, Section 1557 in plain language - 8hours
Interpreting skills
Consecutive interpreting, memory and note-taking, first person, managing the flow, transparency - 8hours
Medical terminology in English, Pashto and Dari
Body systems, common conditions, medications, procedures, consent language - 4hours
The U.S. health system
Care settings, clinical roles, insurance and billing language, discharge - 2hours
Sight translation
When to sight translate, and when to ask for a written translation instead - 4hours
Culture, dialect and gender in Afghan care
Gender-concordant care, family roles, religion and fasting, modesty, Dari and Iranian Persian differences, Pashto dialects - 4hours
Trauma-informed interpreting
The Afghan war and displacement, moral injury (moral trauma), disclosure and grief, protecting interpreters from vicarious trauma - 4hours
Remote interpreting and practice lab
Video and phone technique, simulated encounters, final practical check
Specialty modules, 4 to 8 hours each
- Behavioral health and psychiatry
- Women’s health, pregnancy and birth
- Pediatrics
- Oncology, serious illness and end-of-life care
- Clinical research and informed consent
- Emergency and urgent care
- Pharmacy and medication counseling
Formats
Pashto and Dari, tested in the dialect your patients speak
Every candidate is assessed in their own variety by a rater who speaks it, and every result names that variety.
Pashto
- Kandahari
- Central
- Nangarhari
- Khosti and Paktiawal
- Yusufzai
Dari
- Kabuli
- Herati
- Hazaragi (a variety of Dari)
- Panjshiri
- Badakhshi
Every roster records four kinds of match, so the right interpreter reaches the right patient.
Dialect match
Gender match
Education match
Region and community
Dari is not Farsi
A Farsi (Iranian Persian) speaker is not assumed to be a Dari interpreter. We test the Afghan words patients actually use.
د پښتو طبي ژباړونکو ازموینه او روزنه
که په روغتون یا کلینیک کې کار کوئ او په پښتو او انګلیسي تسلط لرئ، موږ ستاسو د طبي ژباړې مهارت ازمویو او تاسو د دقیقې، محرمانه او مسلکي ژباړې لپاره چمتو کوو.
ارزیابی و آموزش ترجمانان طبی دری
اگر در شفاخانه یا کلینیک کار میکنید و به دری و انگلیسی تسلط دارید، مهارت ترجمانی طبی شما را ارزیابی میکنیم و شما را برای ترجمانی دقیق، محرمانه و مسلکی آماده میسازیم.
For bilingual staff and interpreters: the same program, described in Pashto and in Dari.
Who the program is for
Hospitals and health systems
Clinics and behavioral health providers
Bilingual staff and contract interpreters
Former military and field interpreters
Language companies and research teams
How an engagement runs
- Step 1, Week 0
Scope
Confirm languages, dialects, roles, sites and your state’s rules, and agree what “qualified” means in your policy. - Step 2, Week 1
Intake
Candidates submit education, work history and a language background form. We confirm each person’s variety. - Step 3, Weeks 1–2
Assessment
Written items online; oral and performance tasks live, scored by two raters. - Step 4, Week 3
Results
Score records, qualification recommendations and a roster by language, dialect, gender and specialty. - Step 5, Weeks 3–7
Training
The 40-hour core program in small cohorts, then specialty modules. - Step 6, Week 8, then yearly
Practical check and review
A practical check at the end of training, an annual skills review, and full re-assessment every two years.
What you receive
Score record for each candidate
Qualification recommendation
Roster
Training transcript
Cohort summary
Re-assessment calendar
Ways to work with us
Assessment only
Assessment and training
Ongoing program
Scoped by number of candidates, languages and dialects, and format. Independent interpreters can join an open cohort.
Why Ariana Nexus for Pashto and Dari interpreter qualification
No national exam in the United States tests Pashto or Dari, so Ariana Nexus set its own written standard and applies it the same way to every candidate: dialect-matched raters, one rubric and a documented result. The same standard trains our own interpreters and Pashto and Dari interpreters across the Afghan diaspora.
Afghan-led and university-trained
Dialect-true scoring
Clinical, not only linguistic
Built for Afghan patients
Clear about certification
In-house, one point of accountability
Candidate records are confidential and are never routed through channels controlled by the de facto authorities in Afghanistan.
The team behind the Pashto and Dari interpreter program
The program is designed and taught by the Ariana Nexus healthcare practice: public health, psychology and systems specialists from the Afghan community, educated at Cornell, Brown, West Chester and the University of British Columbia.
How this team is different

Hassan Ukasha
Hassan Ukasha oversees Ariana Nexus operations and is accountable for this program: the assessment standard, the integrity of every score and the commitments made to each client. Grew up in Herat.
- Accountable for the assessment standard and scoring integrity
- Executive point of escalation for every engagement
- Owns the firm’s confidentiality and data-protection commitments
Program leadership and delivery


Zeba Haqbani

Diana Ayubi

Shukria Sakhi
Who does what on this program
- Tamana Ghaznawi
- Program leadLeads the firm’s healthcare practice and sets the program’s clinical and compliance standard. Lived in Kabul.
- Zeba Haqbani
- Assessment systems and recordsBuilds the firm’s institutional systems and AI platforms, including the records behind every score and roster. Lived in Kabul.
- Diana Ayubi
- Trauma-informed curriculumArchitects the firm’s mental health programs and leads the trauma-informed interpreting module. Lived in Kabul.
- Shukria Sakhi
- Cohort delivery and evaluationTrained in public health at Brown; manages cohort delivery and measures program results.
The rules and standards behind the program
Questions care teams and interpreters ask
Is there a national certification for Pashto or Dari medical interpreters?
Not one that tests Pashto or Dari. CCHI and NBCMI, the two U.S. certifying bodies, give bilingual oral exams only in Spanish, Arabic, Mandarin, Cantonese, Russian, Korean and Vietnamese. Pashto and Dari interpreters can earn CCHI’s CoreCHI-P™ or NBCMI’s Hub-CMI, but neither exam hears them interpret in Pashto or Dari. Our assessment tests both languages directly.
Can bilingual staff interpret for patients?
Only once they are qualified. Section 1557 bars covered health programs from relying on staff to communicate with patients who have limited English proficiency unless those staff are qualified interpreters or qualified bilingual staff (45 CFR 92.201). An assessment gives you the evidence to decide who may interpret, who may speak with patients directly, and who needs training first.
What is the difference between a qualified interpreter and qualified bilingual staff?
A qualified interpreter carries a conversation between two people accurately and impartially, without adding, omitting or changing anything. Qualified bilingual staff speak with patients directly in the patient’s language as part of their own job, such as a nurse giving instructions in Dari. Both are defined in 45 CFR 92.4, and our results say which role each person can hold.
How do you test a bilingual employee’s Pashto or Dari?
With a rater who speaks the employee’s own variety. Candidates complete oral interviews in English and in Pashto or Dari, written medical terminology items, a clinical role-play recorded with consent, and a sight translation. Two trained raters score each performance task, and every result names the dialect the candidate was tested in.
How long is medical interpreter training?
At least 40 hours for most certification paths. CCHI and NBCMI both require 40 hours of healthcare interpreter training before their exams, and Oregon requires 60 for its state registry. Our core program is 40 hours, and specialty modules and supervised practice take interpreters past 100 hours, the level a 2012 emergency department study linked to far fewer errors with clinical consequences.
Is Dari the same as Farsi, and can a Farsi interpreter help an Afghan patient?
Dari and Iranian Persian (Farsi) are related, but everyday and medical vocabulary differs: an Afghan patient says shafakhana for hospital and daktar for doctor. A Farsi speaker is not assumed to be a Dari interpreter. We test Afghan Dari directly and record the variety on every result, so patients can be matched to interpreters who speak their Dari.
Do you match interpreters by gender and dialect?
Yes. Every roster we deliver shows each interpreter’s language, dialect, gender, education and specialty, so your scheduling team can offer a woman interpreter for women’s health, or a Kandahari or Herati speaker when a patient needs one. Candidates can also ask for a woman assessor or trainer.
Does the training cover mental health, Afghan war trauma and moral injury?
Yes. A four-hour trauma-informed module covers interpreting for patients who lived through war and displacement, disclosures of violence, grief, moral injury (sometimes called moral trauma), and the stigma many Afghan families attach to mental illness. It also teaches interpreters to recognize vicarious trauma in themselves. Behavioral health is available as a longer specialty module.
Can former Afghan military interpreters become medical interpreters?
Many can, and they start with strong language skills. Medical interpreting asks for a different role: first-person interpreting, strict impartiality, clinical vocabulary in both languages and a healthcare code of ethics. The assessment shows what transfers from field interpreting, and the core program trains the rest.
Can we ask a family member or a child to interpret?
Only in narrow exceptions, and both still involve a qualified interpreter. Under 45 CFR 92.201(e), an accompanying adult may interpret in an emergency until a qualified interpreter arrives and confirms what was said, or when the patient asks for it in private with a qualified interpreter present and the arrangement is documented. A minor may interpret only in that emergency case.
Is the training online or in person?
Both. Cohorts run live online, and we can teach on site at your facility. Written assessment items are completed online, while oral and performance tasks run live by video or in person with two raters. We do not teach interpreting by self-paced video alone, because the skill is built through practice with feedback.
Will this training prepare interpreters for CCHI or NBCMI certification?
It is built to. The core program covers the five content areas of CCHI’s CoreCHI™ exam and the interpreting skills its performance exam measures, and it documents 40 training hours. CCHI stops awarding the knowledge-only CoreCHI™ after December 31, 2026, so plan for CoreCHI-P™, and confirm your documentation with CCHI or NBCMI before applying.
Related services
Sources
- 1.45 CFR Part 92, Nondiscrimination in Health Programs or Activities. eCFR, current as of September 14, 2026. www.ecfr.gov/current/title-45/subtitle-A/subchapter-A/part-92
- 2.Certification Commission for Healthcare Interpreters (CCHI). Certifications and eligibility. cchicertification.org/certifications/eligibility/
- 3.National Board of Certification for Medical Interpreters (NBCMI). Hub-CMI and CMI credentials. www.certifiedmedicalinterpreters.org/overview
- 4.Flores G, Abreu M, Barone CP, Bachur R, Lin H. Errors of medical interpretation and their potential clinical consequences. Ann Emerg Med. 2012;60(5):545–553. doi.org/10.1016/j.annemergmed.2012.01.025
- 5.Moreno MR, Otero-Sabogal R, Newman J. Assessing dual-role staff-interpreter linguistic competency in an integrated healthcare system. J Gen Intern Med. 2007;22(Suppl 2). doi.org/10.1007/s11606-007-0344-8
- 6.Diamond L, Moreno M, Soto C, Otero-Sabogal R. Bilingual dual-role staff interpreters in the health care setting. Int J Interpreter Educ. 2012;4(1):5–20. tigerprints.clemson.edu/ijie/vol4/iss1/3
- 7.The Joint Commission. National Performance Goals, effective January 1, 2026. www.jointcommission.org/en-us/standards/national-performance-goals
- 8.ISO 21998:2020, Interpreting services — Healthcare interpreting — Requirements and recommendations. www.iso.org/standard/72344.html
Qualify your Pashto and Dari interpreters
Tell us how many staff and contractors need assessment, the dialects your patients speak and the states you operate in. Every engagement is covered by a confidentiality agreement.